a Swiss biochemist. The son of a teacher and school headmaster, he studied chemistry at the ETH Zurich, with a PhD in 1911, where he studied with Richard Willstätter.

a Danish realist writer whose novels and short stories were informed with a desire for social progress but despairing, later in his life, of its realization

a German physician, anthropologist, pathologist, prehistorian, biologist, writer, editor, and politician. He is known as "the father of modern pathology"

an Italian mathematician and astronomer, later naturalized French. He made significant contributions to the fields of analysis, number theory, and both classical and celestial mechanics.

a Russian novelist, Symbolist poet, theorist and literary critic. He was a committed anthroposophist and follower of Rudolf Steiner.

a French poet known for his transgressive and surreal themes and for his influence on modern literature and arts, prefiguring surrealism.