an Italian painter and a leading member of the Futurist movement. For much of his life he divided his time between Paris and Rome.

a French sculptor, best known for the Departure of the Volunteers. His work often expressed patriotic themes, as well as the transition from neo-classicism to romanticism.

a Baltic German writer of the Sturm und Drang movement

a German organic chemist and the recipient of the 1930 Nobel Prize for Chemistry "for his researches into the constitution of haemin and chlorophyll"

a prolific British mathematician who worked mostly on algebra. He helped found the modern British school of pure mathematics.

a French poet and early French Romanticist. He also produced novels, plays, and translations of Shakespeare.