a French Romantic artist regarded from the outset of his career as the leader of the French Romantic school

a Scottish chemist who discovered the noble gases and received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1904 "in recognition of his services in the discovery of the inert gaseous elements in air"

a Danish novelist, poet, and scientist, in Denmark often just written as "J. P. Jacobsen". He began the naturalist movement in Danish literature and was a part of the Modern Breakthrough.

a French civil engineer and physicist whose research in optics led to the almost unanimous acceptance of the wave theory of light

a Czech journalist, writer, poet and art critic; one of the most prominent representatives of Czech Realism and a member of the "May School".

an Italian dramatist, novelist, poet, and short story writer whose greatest contributions were his plays