a German electrical engineer, inventor and industrialist. Siemens's name has been adopted as the SI unit of electrical conductance, the siemens. He founded the conglomerate Siemens.

a Dutch physical chemist. His pioneering work helped found the modern theory of chemical affinity, chemical equilibrium, chemical kinetics, and chemical thermodynamics.

an 18th-century German aristocrat, poet, author, mystic and philosopher of Early German Romanticism.

a German poet, writer and literary critic, best known outside Germany for his early lyric poetry

a Dutch physicist who shared the 1902 Nobel Prize in Physics with Pieter Zeeman for the discovery and theoretical explanation of the Zeeman effect.

King of Prussia until his death in 1786. His significant accomplishments include the First Partition of Poland, and his patronage of the arts and the Enlightenment.