an English machine tool innovator, tool and die maker, and inventor. His inventions were an important foundation for the Industrial Revolution

a French Neoclassical painter. He was influenced by past artistic traditions and aspired to become the guardian of academic orthodoxy against the ascendant Romantic style

a French painter, sculptor, and filmmaker. In his early works he created a personal form of cubism (known as "tubism") which he gradually modified into a more figurative, populist style.

a Netherlandish composer of the Renaissance based for most of his life in Flanders.

a Dutch physicist who shared the 1902 Nobel Prize in Physics with Hendrik Lorentz for his discovery of the Zeeman effect

an Italian experimental physicist. He made major contributions to particle physics and the study of cosmic rays.