a French astronomer and priest principally notable for his accurate measure of the size of the Earth, based on a careful survey of one degree of latitude along the Paris Meridian

a German author known for his socio-political novels. From 1930 until 1933, he was president of the fine poetry division of the Prussian Academy of Arts

a Spanish chemist, and the first to isolate tungsten with his brother Juan José Elhuyar in 1783.

an English microscopist and geologist paved the way for the mass production of steel.

an Italian writer. She was the first Italian woman to receive the Nobel prize, and only the second woman in general after Selma Lagerlöf was awarded hers in 1909.

a German-American physicist and Nobel laureate in physics. He was the second most nominated person for a Nobel Prize with 82 nominations in the years 1925–1945