a German mathematician, physicist, physician, and philosopher. He introduced the Tschirnhaus transformation and is considered by some to have been the inventor of European porcelain,

a French microbiologist and Nobel laureate of Russian-Polish origin.

a French physician, discoverer of parasitic protozoans as causative agents of infectious diseases such as malaria and trypanosomiasis

a British mathematician, statistician, geophysicist, and astronomer

an English poet of the Victorian era, popular in Britain and the United States during her lifetime.

a Finnish chemist, physicist and mineralogist. Gadolin discovered a "new earth" containing the first rare-earth compound yttrium, which was later determined to be a chemical element