a 19th-century French writer. Best known for the novels Le Rouge et le Noir (The Red and the Black, 1830) and La Chartreuse de Parme (The Charterhouse of Parma, 1839)

a French chemist known for his discoveries of the chemical elements gallium, samarium and dysprosium.

a French mathematician known for his theory of integration — summing the area between an axis and the curve of a function defined for that axis

a Spanish poet and writer. Today he is considered one of the most important figures in Spanish literature, and is considered by some as the most read writer after Miguel de Cervantes.

a German physicist and mathematician. As a school teacher, Ohm began his research with the new electrochemical cell, invented by Italian scientist Alessandro Volta.

an English painter of abstract compositions (sometimes in low relief), landscape and still-life.