a French painter, physiognomist, art theorist, and a director of several art schools of his time.

an English physicist, astronomer and mathematician.

a Swedish writer, historian, poet, romantic critic of political economy, philosopher, and composer. His writings served to promote Swedish National Romanticism.

an Italian mathematician, most famous for his work on absolute differential calculus (tensor calculus) and its applications to the theory of relativity

an Italian artist, one of the leaders of the group known as the Macchiaioli. He was initially a painter of historical themes and military subjects.

a Danish physicist who made foundational contributions to understanding atomic structure and quantum theory, for which he received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1922.