a French chemist, best known for his works on organic analysis and synthesis, as well as the determination of atomic and molecular weights by measuring vapor densities

a French author whose career ranged from its beginnings in the symbolist movement, to the advent of anticolonialism between the two World Wars.

a French mathematician, philosopher and man of letters. He became the Director of the Académie des Sciences, and the first President of the Prussian Academy of Science

a Danish pharmacist, botanist, plant physiologist, and geneticist. He is best known for coining the terms gene, phenotype and genotype, and for his 1903 "pure line" experiments in genetics.

an Italian (later naturalized American) physicist and the creator of the world's first nuclear reactor, the Chicago Pile-1.

an avant-garde Russian painter who worked with radical exhibitors and pioneered the first approach to abstract Russian art