a French playwright and novelist considered one of the most important French playwrights of the 18th century

a Swiss-born Italian pharmacologist best known for his discovery in 1937 of antihistamines, which block the neurotransmitter histamine and are used in allergy medication.

a Russian novelist, poet, religious thinker, and literary critic. A seminal figure of the Silver Age of Russian Poetry, regarded as a co-founder of the Symbolist movement

an English novelist and poet of the Victorian era. At first his focus was poetry, influenced by John Keats among others, but he gradually established a reputation as a novelist

a German physicist and mathematician who was instrumental in the development of quantum mechanics

a German biochemist. He initially rejected the Nobel Prize in accordance with government policy, but accepted it in 1949 after World War II