a French painter and sculptor. His approach to aesthetics eschewed traditional standards of beauty in favor of what he believed to be a more authentic and humanistic approach to image-making

a Norwegian mathematician. He largely created the theory of continuous symmetry and applied it to the study of geometry and differential equations.

an English chemist who worked with Sir William Ramsay in the discovery of xenon, neon and krypton.

a French mathematician, theoretical physicist, engineer, and philosopher of science. He is often described as a polymath, and in mathematics as "The Last Universalist"

a Swedish writer described as "Sweden's last Romantic" and by 1859 was "generally regarded in the first rank of Swedish novelists."

a German botanist and co-founder of cell theory, along with Theodor Schwann and Rudolf Virchow.