a German physician and botanist. His chief notability is as the author of a large book about plants and their uses as medicines, a herbal, which was first published in 1542 in Latin.

an English machine tool innovator, tool and die maker, and inventor. His inventions were an important foundation for the Industrial Revolution

an Austrian scientist and inventor, who separated didymium into the elements neodymium and praseodymium in 1885.

a French mathematician and politician. As a mathematician, he was known for his founding work in the areas of measure theory and probability.

a French painter and sculptor. His approach to aesthetics eschewed traditional standards of beauty in favor of what he believed to be a more authentic and humanistic approach to image-making

a French playwright, novelist, screenwriter, political activist, biographer, and literary critic, as well as a leading figure in 20th-century French philosophy and Marxism