an influential sculptor, theorist, and key figure in Russia's post-Revolution avant-garde and the subsequent development of twentieth-century sculpture.

a Swedish scientist. Originally a physicist, but often referred to as a chemist, Arrhenius was one of the founders of the science of physical chemistry.

a French diplomat and later developer of the Suez Canal

a Russian chemist, one of the principal creators of the theory of chemical structure, the discoverer of formaldehyde (1859) and the discoverer of the formose reaction (1861).

an Italian mathematician and physicist, known for his contributions to mathematical biology and integral equations

a prolific British mathematician who worked mostly on algebra. He helped found the modern British school of pure mathematics.